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Soil & Wetland Science Basics



History of Wetlands in the Conterminous United States 
by Thomas E. Dahl, National Wetlands Inventory, U.S. Geological Survey
Interest in the preservation of wetlands has increased as the value of wetlands is more fully understood.

Washington Soil Survey Data from the Natural Resources Conservation Service, U.S. Dept. of Agriculture

Keys to Soil Taxonomy, 10th Edition, by the Natural Resources Conservation Service, U.S. Dept. of Agriculture

The twelve soil orders (poster)
Entisol profile (youngest soil)—Where entisols are found
Inceptisol profile (slightly developed soil)—Where inceptisols are found
Alfisol profile (35% base saturation & an argillic B horizon profile)—Where alfisols are found
Andisol profile (volcanic ash affected)—Where andisols are found
Histosols profile (organic rather than mineral soil)—Where histosols are found
Aridisol profile (dry-land soils)—Where aridisols are found
Mollisol profile (dark-colored, 50% base saturation, best farmland soils)—Where mollisols are found
Spodosol profile (usually acidic forest environment)—Where spodosols are found
Oxisol profile (highly oxidized, high iron content, highly weathered)—Where oxisols are found
Ultisol profile (Oldest soils -- highly weathered; usually clay)—Where ultisols are found
Vertisols profile (high in 2:1, shrinking/swelling clay content)—Where vertisols are found
Gelisol profile (permafrost soils)—Where gelisols are found

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